| Data Tables, Images, and Other Entities: |
| Data Table: | common_flux
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Short Name: | commonwealth_ion_flux |
| Online Distribution Info: |
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| Data Set Owner(s): |
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Individual: | W. Berry Lyons |
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Address: |
| Byrd Polar Research Center, |
| Ohio State University, |
| 108 Scott Hall, |
| 1090 Carmack Rd, |
| Columbus, OH 43210-1002 USA |
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Individual: | Rebecca A Witherow |
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Address: |
| Byrd Polar Research Center, |
| Ohio State University, |
| 108 Scott Hall, |
| 1090 Carmack Rd, |
| Columbus, OH 43210-1002 USA |
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| Metadata Provider(s): |
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Organization: | McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER |
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Address: |
| Byrd Polar Research Center , |
| 108 Scott Hall, |
| 1090 Carmack Rd, |
| Columbus, OH 43210-1002 USA |
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| Associated Party: |
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Individual: | Kathleen Welch |
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Address: |
| Byrd Polar Research Center , |
| The Ohio State University, |
| 108 Scott Hall, |
| 1090 Carmack Rd, |
| Columbus, OH 43210 USA |
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| Abstract: |
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As part of a geochemical study of the Commonwealth Glacier in Taylor Valley,
Antarctica, two 3-meter snow pits were dug in the accumulation zone and analyzed for
major ions by ion chromatography. This dataset shows the mean annual atmospheric
flux of chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and calcium to the Commonwealth Glacier. Determination
of the atmospheric flux of these ions to the glacier surface aids in assessing the chemical
composition of precipitation to the McMurdo Dry Valleys and the role of glaciers in the
geochemical cycles of the region.
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| Keywords: |
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- glacier
(theme)
- ions
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- precipitation
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- snow
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- Taylor Valley
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- McMurdo Dry Valleys
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- Antarctica
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- anions
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- cations
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- chemistry
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| Additional Information: |
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| Citations |
WITHEROW REBECCA A., W. BERRY LYONS, NANCY A.N. BERTLER, KATHLEEN A. WELCH,PAUL A.MAYEWSKI, S.B. SNEED,
THOMAS NYLEN, M.J. HANDLEY and ANDREW FOUNTAIN (2006) The aeolian flux of calcium, chloride and nitrate to the McMurdo Dry
Valleys landscape: evidence from snow pit analysis. Antarctic Science 18 (4). DOI: 10.1017/S0954102006
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| Note |
Data contained in these files has been subjected to quality control
standards imposed by the investigator. The user of this data should be aware
that, while efforts have been taken to ensure that these data are of the highest
quality, there is no guarantee of perfection for the data contained herein and the
possibility of errors exists. If you encounter questionable data, please contact
the MCM LTER data manager so that the data can be corrected or qualified. Thus,
these data may be modified and future data will be appended.
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| License and Usage Rights: |
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| MCM LTER data may be used freely with the following restrictions: |
The Principal Investigator be sent a notice stating
reasons for acquiring any data and a description of the
publication intentions.
The Principal Investigator of the data set be sent a
copy of the report or manuscript prior to submission and be
adequately cited in any resultant publications.
A copy of any resultant publications should be sent
to the McMurdo data manager and principal
investigator.
The end-user follow the guidelines set forth in the
LTER Network Data Access Policy, Data Access Requirements, and
General Data Use Agreement found at
http://www.mcmlter.org/data_guidelines.htm
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| Geographic Coverage: |
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Geographic Description: | Commonwealth glacier in
Taylor Valley, Antarctica |
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Bounding Coordinates:
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| West: | 163.016666 degrees
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| East: | 163.016666 degrees
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| North: | -77.516666 degrees
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| South: | -77.516666 degrees
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Mimimum Altitude: | 678 meter |
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Maximum Altitude: | 678 meter |
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| Temporal Coverage: |
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Date:
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| Contact: |
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Organization: | McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER |
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Position: | Data Manager |
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Address: |
| Byrd Polar Research Center , |
| 108 Scott Hall, |
| 1090 Carmack Rd, |
| Columbus, OH 43210-1002 USA |
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| Publisher: |
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Organization: | McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER |
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Address: |
| Byrd Polar Research Center , |
| 108 Scott Hall, |
| 1090 Carmack Rd, |
| Columbus, OH 43210-1002 USA |
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| Methods Info: |
| Step 1: |
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Description:
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Chemical measurements from two snow pits on the Commonwealth Glacier were obtained in this work. After the initial excavation of the snow pit using standard avalanche shovels, the sampling wall face was scraped off using polypropylene shovels that had been cleaned by successive soakings in 18 Mohm MilliQ water. The snow was prepared for sampling by using a Teflon spatula to loosen the section. A Teflon sampling device was then slid into the snow layer and gently manipulated to loosen the compacted snow. The snow sample was placed into a 500 mL HDPE container that had been previously soaked overnight and rinsed three times with 18 Mohm MilliQ water at Crary Laboratory and transported to the field site empty.
Samples remained frozen until immediately prior to analysis at McMurdo Station using a Dionex DX-120 ion chromatograph (IC). The technique, a modification of Welch et al. (1996), implements a sample loop of approximately 400 uL for all standards and samples. A Dionex IonPac AS14 analytical column (4x250 mm) and AG14 guard column (4x50 mm) were used with an ASRS Ultra Anion Self-Regenerating Suppressor to analyze major anions. The eluent was a 3.5 mM Na2CO3 and 1.0 mM NaHCO3 solution with a pump flow-rate of 1.2 mL min-1. Cations were analyzed using the Dionex IonPac CS12A analytical column (4x250 mm), a CG12A guard column (4x50 mm), and a CSRS Ultra Cation Self-Regenerating Suppressor. The 1.3% methanesulfonic acid eluent had a flow-rate of 1.2 mL min-1.
A stock standard solution was created from several single-element standards. The multi-element stock standard was diluted to produce six calibration standards with a range of concentrations that covered the estimated concentrations of the samples. Analytical and filtration blanks were run before, during, and after samples. An independent multi-element standard was analyzed after creating a calibration curve to satisfy quality assurance and quality control. Several sample duplicates were analyzed for recovery comparisons and were used for precision analysis. Maximum analytical variability between samples was +/-3.3% for Cl-, +/-10.9% for Ca2+, and +/-14.4% for NO3-.
The snow pits were dated with a +/- 1 year accuracy using Na+ peaks, which commonly define the austral autumn when low sea-ice extent and high maritime winds deposit large amounts of sea salt on glacial surfaces (Legrand and Mayewski, 1997). The assigned dates were compared to physical mass balance measurements made since 1993 by the MCM LTER. Annual accumulation in water equivalents was calculated using measured density and snow layer thickness.
Flux data were calculated, Fj = Cj*Bj
where Fj is the flux for any given year, Cj is the average concentration for a given year, and Bj is the accumulation rate in water equivalents for that year. This procedure was applied for all annual layers in both snow pits. The calculated values for corresponding years were then averaged between the two snow pits.
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